What is Pilonidal Sinus?

What is Pilonidal Sinus?

Quick answer: Pilonidal sinus, medically known as pilonidal cyst, is a skin condition characterized by the accumulation of hair under the skin

Medically reviewed by Op. Dr. Yasir Gözü · General Surgery and Proctology · Last updated: July 20, 2026

Pilonidal sinus, medically known as pilonidal cyst, is a skin condition characterized by the accumulation of h It usually occurs in the coccyx region, where the two buttocks bones meet. This condition can lead to the formation of a cyst under the skin and increase the risk of infection over time. People who are most commonly affected by pilonidal sinus are usually individuals between adolescence and middle age. It is more commonly found in individuals with a dense h

The pilonidal sinus starts with the h This is more common in areas under constant pressure. The growth of h Inflammation can lead to serious infections and long-term discomfort.

What Causes Pilonidal Sinus?

Several factors can lead to the development of a pilonidal sinus. The most common reasons include genetic predisposition, dense h The increase in body h Additionally, time spent sitting, especially among long-distance drivers and office workers, can increase the risk of developing pilonidal sinus.

Another cause of pilonidal sinus is skin irritation due to friction and sweating. This condition can allow h Pilonidal sinus can also be associated with a lack of hygiene. It is known that not bathing regularly and not keeping the area clean increases the risk of pilonidal sinus.

What are the Symptoms of Pilonidal Sinus?

The symptoms of pilonidal sinus can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of infection. The most common symptoms include p As the infection progresses, pus discharge and bad odor from this area can be noticed. Patients often compl

In some cases, pilonidal sinus may not show any symptoms and can be discovered accidentally. However, as the infection progresses, general infection symptoms such as fever and fatigue can also be observed. The diagnosis of pilonidal sinus is usually made through physical examination, and in some cases, imaging techniques like ultrasound may be used for a det

How is Pilonidal Sinus Detected?

Pilonidal sinus is a health issue that mostly occurs in the coccyx region and reveals itself through specific symptoms. The initial symptoms usually appear as physical discomforts. P A person may notice an increase in this p The cyst or swelling formed in this area can be easily detected through physical examination. In advanced cases, symptoms such as purulent discharge and bad odor due to the infected cyst can also be observed.

Another symptom of pilonidal sinus is the formation of h These holes mark the points where the h Patients noticing these symptoms should seek medical attention on suspicion of pilonidal sinus. Early diagnosis makes the treatment more effective and reduces the risk of complications.

How is a Pilonidal Sinus Examined?

The examination of patients suspected of having a pilonidal sinus is usually conducted by a doctor. During the examination, the doctor listens to the patient’s compl During this examination, the doctor assesses the location, size, and p Also, if there is an infected area, this condition is checked. The physical examination is an important step in understanding the presence and general condition of the pilonidal sinus.

If deemed necessary, the doctor may request additional tests for a more det Ultrasound can be used to see the size and depth of the pilonidal cyst more clearly. In rare cases, more det These tests are necessary to evaluate the structure of the pilonidal sinus, its relationship with surrounding tissues, and any complications if present. After the examination and necessary tests, the doctor can determine the most appropriate treatment method.

The diagnosis and treatment of pilonidal sinus generally yield successful results with early intervention. It is important for patients to seek medical attention without delay upon noticing symptoms.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a pilonidal sinus?

Pilonidal sinus, medically known as pilonidal cyst, is a skin condition caused by hair accumulating under the skin, usually in the coccyx region where the buttocks meet. It can lead to a cyst forming under the skin and increases the risk of infection over time.

Who is most likely to get a pilonidal sinus?

It most commonly affects people between adolescence and middle age, particularly those with dense body hair. Long periods of sitting, such as among long-distance drivers and office workers, also raise the risk.

What causes a pilonidal sinus to develop?

Common causes include genetic predisposition, dense body hair, prolonged sitting, and skin irritation from friction and sweating. A lack of hygiene, such as not bathing regularly, is also known to increase the risk.

What are the symptoms of a pilonidal sinus?

Typical symptoms include discomfort and swelling in the coccyx area, and as infection progresses, pus discharge and a bad odor may appear. In some cases there are no symptoms at all, while advanced infections can cause fever and fatigue.

How is a pilonidal sinus diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination, during which the doctor assesses the location and size of the cyst and checks for infection. If needed, ultrasound can show the size and depth of the cyst more clearly.

Sources

• NHS - Pilonidal sinus
• American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) - fascrs.org

This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace a professional medical consultation. For diagnosis and personalized treatment, please book an appointment.