What Causes Chronic Anal Fissure?

Quick answer: Chronic anal fissure refers to long-term tears in the inner part of the anal canal, usually presenting with severe p The m Bowel Problems and Constipation Constipation is one of the most common causes of chronic anal fissures. Hard and str Irregular bowel movements lead to hardened stool and increased pressure on the anal region

Medically reviewed by Op. Dr. Yasir Gözü · General Surgery and Proctology · Last updated: July 20, 2026

Chronic anal fissure refers to long-term tears in the inner part of the anal canal, usually presenting with severe p The m

Bowel Problems and Constipation

Constipation is one of the most common causes of chronic anal fissures. Hard and str Irregular bowel movements lead to hardened stool and increased pressure on the anal region during defecation.

The Effect of Chronic Diarrhea on Anal Fissure

Frequent episodes of diarrhea can disrupt the mucosal integrity of the anal canal due to continuous irritation, paving the way for fissure formation. Inconsistencies in stool consistency make it harder to protect the anal area.

Improper Toilet Habits

Prolonged sitting on the toilet and excessive str Additionally, unnecessary str

Excessive Tension in Anal Muscles

Spasms of the internal anal sphincter create high pressure in the anal canal, making healing difficult. Chronic stress and muscle tension can also lead to excessive contraction of the sphincter, contributing to the chronicity of anal fissures.

Inflammation and Infections

Localized infections and chronic inflammation can prevent anal fissures from healing over time. In particular, fungal and bacterial infections can increase tissue sensitivity in the anal region, triggering fissure formation.

Poor Diet and Nutritional Deficiencies

A lack of fiber and insufficient water intake can disrupt bowel regularity, increasing the risk of constipation. Adequate fiber and water consumption are essential for a healthy digestive system. To learn more about dietary recommendations for anal fissure patients, check out our article on how anal fissure patients should eat.

Pregnancy and Postpartum Anal Fissure

Pressure applied to the perineal area during childbirth can cause anal fissures. Postpartum rectal injuries may also make healing more difficult.

Chronic Diseases and Immune System Disorders

Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel diseases can increase the sensitivity of the anal mucosa, contributing to the formation of fissures.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a chronic anal fissure?

A chronic anal fissure refers to long-term tears in the inner part of the anal canal. Constipation is one of its most common causes, since irregular bowel movements lead to hardened stool and increased pressure on the anal region during defecation.

Can diarrhea also cause anal fissures?

Yes, frequent episodes of diarrhea can disrupt the mucosal integrity of the anal canal due to continuous irritation, paving the way for fissure formation. Inconsistencies in stool consistency make it harder to protect the anal area.

How do toilet habits contribute to chronic fissures?

Prolonged sitting on the toilet and excessive straining are improper habits that contribute to fissure problems. Spasms of the internal anal sphincter also create high pressure in the anal canal, making healing difficult, and chronic stress and muscle tension can worsen this.

Does diet play a role in chronic anal fissures?

Yes, a lack of fiber and insufficient water intake can disrupt bowel regularity and increase the risk of constipation. Adequate fiber and water consumption are essential for a healthy digestive system.

Can pregnancy or childbirth cause anal fissures?

Pressure applied to the perineal area during childbirth can cause anal fissures. Postpartum rectal injuries may also make healing more difficult.

Are there diseases that make anal fissures more likely?

Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel diseases can increase the sensitivity of the anal mucosa, contributing to fissure formation. Localized infections and chronic inflammation, particularly fungal and bacterial infections, can also prevent fissures from healing over time.

Sources

• NHS - Anal fissure
• American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) - fascrs.org

This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace a professional medical consultation. For diagnosis and personalized treatment, please book an appointment.