What Is Rectal Prolapse? Symptoms and Causes

Rectal prolapse is a condition in which part of the rectum loses its internal support and slips out through the anus. At first the tissue appears only during bowel movements and goes back in by itself; over time it may need to be pushed back by hand, and in advanced stages it stays outside permanently.

The first symptoms

Most patients notice a soft, moist bulge coming out of the anus while passing stool. Alongside it, mucus discharge and constant dampness around the anus are common, together with skin irritation, mild bleeding and a feeling of incomplete emptying. In later stages, controlling gas or stool can become difficult.

Prolapse or hemorrhoids?

The two are often confused because both can produce tissue at the anus. With hemorrhoids the protruding tissue consists of separate swollen cushions and bleeding is more prominent. With prolapse, a ring-shaped fold of the bowel wall emerges, wider and with concentric circles. A short examination by a proctologist tells them apart reliably.

Why it happens

The main cause is weakening of the muscles and ligaments that hold the rectum in place. Chronic constipation and years of straining lead the list, followed by multiple childbirths, advancing age and chronic cough. Long sessions on the toilet add steady pressure on the pelvic floor.

When to see a doctor

As soon as you first feel tissue coming out, even if it goes back in on its own. In the early stages rectal prolapse treatment is simpler and the results last longer. How the non-surgical approach works is explained in how rectal prolapse is treated without surgery.

Is rectal prolapse dangerous?

It is not life-threatening, but it does not resolve on its own and gradually gets worse. Rarely, the protruding tissue can become trapped and require urgent care.

Does it only affect older people?

It is most common after 50 and in women after childbirth, but chronic constipation can bring it on earlier.