Risks of Anal Fistula Surgery

An anal fistula is defined as an abnormal connection between the anus and the skin surface. This condition typically arises as a result of an infection and is associated with anal abscesses. Anal fistulas often cause constant pain and discharge. If left untreated, they can severely impact the quality of life. The inner part of the fistula originates from a gland inside the anal canal, and the infection creates a pathway outward. This pathway may sometimes have multiple exits by opening several small holes.

What Are the Risks of Anal Fistula Surgery?

Anal fistula surgery is a surgical procedure However, like any surgical intervention, anal fistula surgery carries various risks. These risks include infection, bleeding, and complications during the healing process. The risk of infection after surgery increases if the hygiene of the surgical area is not maintained. Additionally, due to the anatomical structure of the area where the fistula is located, there is a possibility of damage to the surrounding tissues during surgery.

One of the most common problems patients face in the postoperative period is pain. Surgical interventions in the anal area can result in significant pain. Doctors generally recommend painkillers to manage it. However, it should be noted that in some cases, this pain may persist longer. Furthermore, there is a risk of incontinence (fecal leakage) due to damage to the anal sphincter muscles during the removal of the fistula.

What Happens If Anal Fistula Surgery Is Not Performed?

If anal fistula surgery is not performed, the chances of the fistula healing on its own are quite low. Untreated anal fistulas can lead to more serious health issues over time. The continuous infection caused by the fistula significantly reduces the quality of life by causing chronic pain and discharge. The tissues around the fistula can sustain lasting damage.

If surgery is not performed, there is also a risk of the infection around the fistula spreading. The spread of the infection can lead to the formation of new infection sites in other parts of the body. This situation can become particularly dangerous for patients with weakened immune systems.

Is There a Non-Surgical Treatment for Anal Fistula?

There are various methods for the non-surgical treatment of anal fistula, but the effectiveness and long-term outcomes of these methods are generally more limited compared to surgical treatments. Non-surgical treatment options include drainage and seton placement. These methods can be considered as alternatives, especially for patients who cannot tolerate surgical intervention.

The drainage keeps the tract clean. This method prevents the spread of the infection and provides relief to the patient. However, the drainage alone does not remove the fistula tract. Therefore, there is a high likelihood of the fistula recurring after the drainage procedure if definitive treatment is not performed.

Sources and References

• NHS - Piles (haemorrhoids)
• NIDDK - Hemorrhoids