How Does an Anal Fistula Form?

An anal fistula is an abnormal channel connecting the skin around the anus to the intestine inside the anus. It typically develops as a result of an infection. These infections begin with the inflammation of blocked glands in the anal area and may lead to abscess formation.

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How Does an Anal Fistula Progress?

If left untreated, an anal fistula can develop into a more complex structure. Initially appearing as a simple channel, the fistula may branch out over time, forming a complex network of multiple channels. This condition can severely impact the patient’s quality of life. Additionally, chronic inflammation may develop in the tissues surrounding the fistula. This inflammation causes persistent discharge and infections while increasing sensitivity around the anus.

Treatment Methods for Anal Fistulas

Treatment methods for an anal fistula vary depending on the patient’s condition. Physicians may approach patients with different methods tailored to their specific needs.

Simple Fistulotomy
A simple fistulotomy is a surgical method where the anal fistula is cut open and allowed to heal. This procedure is performed with minimal damage to the surrounding tissues of the fistula. It is generally preferred for simple fistulas. During the procedure, the fistula tract is opened, cleaned, and left open for natural healing to occur. The success of the operation depends on the type and location of the fistula. When performed correctly, it has a high success rate. However, the surgeon’s experience and the patient’s overall health can influence the outcomes.

Seton Placement
Seton treatment involves placing a thread or band within the fistula tract. This method helps control the infection around the fistula. The seton allows the fistula to gradually shrink and facilitates infection drainage. It is particularly recommended for complex and deep fistulas. The treatment process may take several months and is often combined with surgical methods. Seton placement helps preserve the tissues around the fistula and reduces the risk of damage to the anal sphincter muscles.

LIFT Procedure
The LIFT (Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract) procedure is a minimally invasive technique used for treating complex anal fistulas. This method involves ligating and removing the portion of the fistula located between the anal muscles. The LIFT procedure speeds up the healing process while minimizing the risk of damage to the sphincter muscles. It has a low complication rate and a high success rate post-procedure.

Fistulectomy
Fistulectomy is another surgical method used for repairing the fistula tract. This technique involves closing or repairing the fistula using the patient’s own tissues. Fistulectomy is generally preferred for complex cases where other methods have failed to achieve results.

Post-Treatment Care for Anal Fistulas

The post-treatment phase is crucial for ensuring a quick and healthy recovery. Patients should follow hygiene recommendations from their doctor and keep the treated area clean. Proper wound care is essential to prevent infections. Additionally, during the recovery period, a balanced diet should be followed, emphasizing fiber-rich foods to regulate bowel movements.

How Does an Anal Fistula Form?