What Diseases Are Indicated by Rectal Bleeding?

Rectal bleeding is a condition that is often observed during or after defecation. Although it is frequently ignored, it can be a sign of serious health problems. This bleeding can vary in color and amount, ranging from bright red to dark brown.

What Diseases Are Indicated by Rectal Bleeding?

Rectal bleeding can be a symptom of various diseases. One of the most common causes is hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are formed by the swelling of the veins around the anus and are usually associated with conditions like constipation, prolonged sitting, or pregnancy. Anal fissures are another frequent cause; small tears around the anus can cause pain and bleeding during defecation. Inflammatory bowel diseases, particularly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, can present with rectal bleeding. Additionally, diverticulitis, infections, and bowel cancers are serious conditions that can cause rectal bleeding.

What Causes Rectal Bleeding?

There are many reasons for rectal bleeding, which typically result from damage or inflammation in the anus and rectum area. Constipation can cause bleeding due to hard stools damaging the inner surface of the anus. Similarly, diarrhea can lead to the same outcome by causing constant irritation. Hemorrhoids occur due to the dilation of the veins around the anus and rectum, often caused by excessive straining, obesity, or pregnancy. Anal fissures result from the tearing of the thin skin around the anus, leading to intense pain and bleeding during defecation. Infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, and, albeit rarely, rectal or colon cancer are also among the causes of rectal bleeding.

How Is Rectal Bleeding Treated?

The treatment of rectal bleeding varies depending on the underlying cause. In simple cases, especially involving hemorrhoids or anal fissures, home treatments are usually sufficient. Warm sitz baths, a high-fiber diet, and adequate water intake can soften the stool, reduce straining, and promote healing. Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams and suppositories can also help alleviate symptoms. More serious conditions, particularly inflammatory bowel diseases or infections, typically require medical treatment. In such cases, doctors may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications, antibiotics, or immunosuppressive drugs. Rarely, surgical intervention may be necessary, especially for large hemorrhoids or polyps.

What Happens If Rectal Bleeding Is Not Treated?

If rectal bleeding is not treated, it can lead to serious health problems. First, continuous blood loss can cause anemia, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and dizziness. Additionally, if an underlying serious condition, such as bowel cancer, is not diagnosed, it can progress to life-threatening stages. Untreated hemorrhoids or anal fissures can cause ongoing pain and discomfort, reducing the quality of life. If inflammatory bowel diseases or infections are not treated, complications such as bowel obstructions, perforations, and severe infections can develop.

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