What is Hemorrhoid?

What is Hemorrhoid?

Hemorrhoid is the swelling and enlargement of the veins located inside or around the anal canal. Internal hemorrhoids occur within the inner part of the anal canal, while external hemorrhoids form outside the anal opening. Hemorrhoids usually result from excessive dilation of the veins due to pressure. This condition often results in pain, discomfort, and sometimes bleeding. Hemorrhoids are a common health issue, and many people experience this condition at some point in their lives. Most of the time, initial-stage hemorrhoids do not pose a serious health risk but can cause pain and discomfort and affect people’s quality of life.

What Causes Hemorrhoids?

Several factors can lead to the formation of hemorrhoids. The most common causes include prolonged constipation or diarrhea, sitting on the toilet for long periods, obesity, pregnancy, and regular heavy lifting. These factors cause increased pressure in the pelvic and rectal area, leading to the dilation of the veins and consequently the formation of hemorrhoids. Aging also increases the risk of hemorrhoids, as the body’s tissues weaken over time and the vascular structures can lose their support. Genetic factors can also play a role in the development of hemorrhoids; individuals with a family history of hemorrhoids are more likely to experience this condition.

What are the Symptoms of Hemorrhoids?

Symptoms of hemorrhoids vary depending on the type and severity of the hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids are generally painless, and the main symptom can be bright red blood from the rectum during defecation. External hemorrhoids can cause itching, burning, and sometimes pain in the anal area. Large hemorrhoids may lead to the presence of blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. In addition, external hemorrhoids can feel like one or more hard lumps in the anal area. In severe cases, hemorrhoids may protrude during defecation and need to be manually pushed back in. These symptoms can negatively affect daily activities and quality of life, so it’s important to seek medical advice when symptoms are noticed.

How Can Hemorrhoids Be Identified?

The presence of hemorrhoids is usually determined by symptoms and physical examination. Symptoms include itching, burning, discomfort in the anal area, and bleeding during defecation. External hemorrhoids can manifest as swellings that can be felt outside the anal region. Internal hemorrhoids are harder to see and feel because they are located inside the anal canal and are usually painless. However, the observation of bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl is a typical symptom of internal hemorrhoids. The intensity and duration of symptoms can help diagnose hemorrhoids and play a significant role in determining treatment options.

What are the Grades of Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are typically classified into four grades, which are used to determine the severity of the hemorrhoids and treatment methods:

  • First Degree: At this stage, hemorrhoids are only inside and do not protrude. They are generally painless, and the main symptom is bleeding during defecation.
  • Second Degree: Hemorrhoids protrude during defecation but retract back on their own after defecation.
  • Third Degree: Hemorrhoids protrude during defecation and must be manually pushed back in.
  • Fourth Degree: Hemorrhoids are constantly protruding and cannot be pushed back in. They are often painful and represent the most severe stage of hemorrhoids.

How is a Hemorrhoid Examination Conducted?

A hemorrhoid examination is typically performed by a proctology specialist. The examination begins with a visual inspection of the external anal region; this can help detect the presence of external hemorrhoids or anal fissures. The doctor may then perform a rectal examination, where a gloved and lubricated finger is carefully inserted into the anal canal. This allows for the palpation of internal hemorrhoids or other abnormalities.

When necessary, an anoscopy can be performed for a more detailed examination of the anus and rectum. Anoscopy is a short, tube-like instrument used to visually inspect the inside of the anal canal. This procedure is particularly useful for identifying internal hemorrhoids or other rectal problems. In certain cases, a colonoscopy may be recommended for a more comprehensive evaluation. These examinations are important to confirm the diagnosis of hemorrhoids, determine their grade, and plan appropriate treatment methods.

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