What is Pilonidal Sinus?

Pilonidal sinus, medically known as pilonidal cyst, is a skin condition characterized by the accumulation of hair under the skin. It usually occurs in the coccyx region, where the two buttocks bones meet. This condition can lead to the formation of a cyst under the skin and increase the risk of infection over time. People who are most commonly affected by pilonidal sinus are usually individuals between adolescence and middle age. It is more commonly found in individuals with a dense hair structure and those who sit for prolonged periods due to their physical nature.

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The pilonidal sinus starts with the hair growing under the skin. This is more common in areas under constant pressure. The growth of hair under the skin can cause a foreign body reaction in this area and may lead to the formation of an inflammatory cyst over time. Inflammation can lead to serious infections and long-term discomfort.

What Causes Pilonidal Sinus?

Several factors can lead to the development of a pilonidal sinus. The most common reasons include genetic predisposition, dense hair structure, and constant pressure exposure. The increase in body hair density during puberty can also increase the risk of pilonidal sinus. Additionally, time spent sitting, especially among long-distance drivers and office workers, can increase the risk of developing pilonidal sinus.

Another cause of pilonidal sinus is skin irritation due to friction and sweating. This condition can allow hair to enter under the skin and lay the groundwork for infection. Pilonidal sinus can also be associated with a lack of hygiene. It is known that not bathing regularly and not keeping the area clean increases the risk of pilonidal sinus.

What are the Symptoms of Pilonidal Sinus?

The symptoms of pilonidal sinus can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of infection. The most common symptoms include pain, redness, and swelling in the coccyx region. As the infection progresses, pus discharge and bad odor from this area can be noticed. Patients often complain of pain while sitting or walking.

In some cases, pilonidal sinus may not show any symptoms and can be discovered accidentally. However, as the infection progresses, general infection symptoms such as fever and fatigue can also be observed. The diagnosis of pilonidal sinus is usually made through physical examination, and in some cases, imaging techniques like ultrasound may be used for a detailed examination.

How is Pilonidal Sinus Detected?

Pilonidal sinus is a health issue that mostly occurs in the coccyx region and reveals itself through specific symptoms. The initial symptoms usually appear as physical discomforts. Pain, swelling, and redness in the coccyx region are the most common signs. A person may notice an increase in this pain while sitting or walking. The cyst or swelling formed in this area can be easily detected through physical examination. In advanced cases, symptoms such as purulent discharge and bad odor due to the infected cyst can also be observed.

Another symptom of pilonidal sinus is the formation of hair entry holes on the skin. These holes mark the points where the hair has entered under the skin and usually become more apparent when infected. Patients noticing these symptoms should seek medical attention on suspicion of pilonidal sinus. Early diagnosis makes the treatment more effective and reduces the risk of complications.

How is a Pilonidal Sinus Examined?

The examination of patients suspected of having a pilonidal sinus is usually conducted by a doctor. During the examination, the doctor listens to the patient’s complaints and conducts a physical examination of the coccyx region. During this examination, the doctor assesses the location, size, and pain level of the cyst or swelling. Also, if there is an infected area, this condition is checked. The physical examination is an important step in understanding the presence and general condition of the pilonidal sinus.

If deemed necessary, the doctor may request additional tests for a more detailed examination. Ultrasound can be used to see the size and depth of the pilonidal cyst more clearly. In rare cases, more detailed imaging methods like MRI may be used. These tests are necessary to evaluate the structure of the pilonidal sinus, its relationship with surrounding tissues, and any complications if present. After the examination and necessary tests, the doctor can determine the most appropriate treatment method.

The diagnosis and treatment of pilonidal sinus generally yield successful results with early intervention. It is important for patients to seek medical attention without delay upon noticing symptoms.

What is Pilonidal Sinus?